Critical Issues for the Watershed

The primary threats to both water quantity and quality in the Pheasant Branch Creek Watershed stem from agricultural runoff and urban development. Pheasant Branch Creek is currently designated as impaired and does not meet state water quality standards for sediment and phosphorus. The following areas of work have the greatest impact on improving water quality:

Stormwater Management – Managing large stormwater runoff in the upper reaches of the watershed is critical to protecting downstream sections of Pheasant Branch Creek, particularly below the Confluence Pond. The extreme rainfall event of August 20–21, 2018 demonstrated the severe physical and biological damage that can occur within the creek corridor under high-flow conditions. The City of Middleton’s Water Resources Management and Stormwater Utility Commission assists the City in managing and improving stormwater practices and facilities. The Friends strongly support efforts and work with the City to improve and protect water quality in Pheasant Branch.

Phosphorus Reduction – Pheasant Branch Creek is a significant contributor of phosphorus, which promotes algal growth, to Lake Mendota and the Yahara Chain of Lakes. The watershed is part of an “adaptive management” strategy led by a broad partnership known as Yahara WINS, which includes farmers, businesses, municipalities, and Dane County. This initiative uses innovative practices to reduce phosphorus runoff entering the watershed and downstream lakes. It is the first project in the State of Wisconsin, and nationally, to test the adaptive management concept in the Yahara River Watershed.

In urban areas, Dane County’s “Leaf Free Streets Campaign” is another effective program supported by the Friends, encouraging residents to remove leaves from streets before rain events to reduce phosphorus loading.

Salt (Chloride) Reduction – The watershed has experienced a steady increase in chloride pollution over recent decades, largely due to road deicing practices. Salt (sodium chloride) washes off impervious surfaces and enters Pheasant Branch Creek and Lake Mendota. Long-term accumulation threatens drinking water supplies, harms aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, and damages infrastructure and vehicles. The Friends of Pheasant Branch Conservancy, along with partner organizations, promote the “Salt Wise Program” to educate the public and commercial applicators about responsible salt use.